[5] It is an efficient predator that feeds at night on a variety of arthropods, primarily insects such as cockroaches and crickets, as well as millipedes and other arachnids.

[6] Mastigoproctus giganteus is the only species of family Thelyphonidae that occurs in the United States,[7] where it is found in Arizona, Florida, New Mexico, Oklahoma, and Texas.

[9] M. giganteus in turn may be eaten by raccoons, coatis, armadillos, skunks, bears, hogs and peccaries,[10] and ground birds such as roadrunners, lizards, and tarantulas.

[4] Mastigoproctus giganteus is regarded as beneficial to agriculture and human residences by controlling stinging scorpions, insects, and spider populations.

While they seldom bite or pinch humans, the acid sprayed from the base of a vinegaroon's tail can sting if it enters mucous membranes or cuts, and can cause eye irritation.