Rev Matthew Black FBA FRSE[1] (3 September 1908 in Kilmarnock[2] – 2 October 1994 in St Andrews) was a Scottish minister and biblical scholar.

[3] He was born in Kilmarnock the son of James Black.

From 1952 to 1954 he was Professor of Biblical Criticism and Antiquities at Edinburgh University and from 1954 to 1978 Professor of Divinity and Biblical Criticism at St Andrews University.

Together with Kurt Aland, Carlo Maria Martini, Bruce M. Metzger and Allen Wikgren, Black served on the editorial committee that established the Greek text and critical apparatuses in the standard hand editions of the Greek New Testament: the Nestle-Aland Novum Testamentum Graece (26th edition, published by the Deutsche Bibelgesellschaft first in 1979 and revised in 1983) and the United Bible Societies' The Greek New Testament (3rd edition, published by the United Bible Societies in 1983).

Black served as New Testament Editor for The New Century Bible Commentary series, and contributed the volume on Romans.