In 1847, the Finnish traveler George August Galin visited the area and made the following observation: "the town of Mawqaq is situated to the northwest of Mount Aja.

These monuments consist of edifices and palaces constructed atop the elevated plateaus, with only a few of their ruins and fallen stones remaining on the ground.

Additionally, there are illustrations of horses being ridden by a figure brandishing a long spear, as well as depictions of assorted tools, some of which bear resemblance to a plow, and others to a comb.

[5] One of the most significant geographical features of Mawqaq is the presence of the Aja mountain range, which forms a natural border to the city from the east and south.

[7] The mountain range is renowned for its historical population of gazelles and bustards, situated 90 kilometers north of Mawqaq, a city located in the Nafud region, in close proximity to the village of Al Muhafar.

The shepherd stated that It is akin to an activist whose tears are shielded from the beast of Habran, situated between Al-Naqaa and Al-Zafar, and among the most significant geographical features in the region.

The aforementioned area comprises several key locations, including the Triangle, Shifa Al-Bin, Markets, Aba Al-Dharouq, and Ghar Zamil.

[8] The mountain range extends from south to north for a distance of approximately 80 kilometers, situated within the northern influence zone.

The alkaline feldspar monzogranite rocks, which are rich in biotite and hornblende minerals, are located in the eastern and southeastern regions of Mawqaq, specifically in the mountains Umm Raqba, Dawir, and Jargh.

It's also is characterised by the presence of plagioclase-rich granitic and dioritic rocks, in addition to a significant number of basaltic breakers with orientations aligned northwest and east-west (dykes).

The city of Mawqaq is situated within the Arabian Shield, a region characterised by scarce groundwater resources, with reliance on rainwater.

[10] The most significant flora in the Mawqaq region includes Arfaj, Wormwood, Abiathran, Artemisia, Qarta, Qahwian, Sama'a, Katad, Rabla, Buttercup, Nafl, Terba, Basbas, Jahak, Qaisum, Sabt, Hanabazi, Marshmallow, Nasi, Hamat, Numbers, Hawa, Titan, Khubaiz, Ramth, and Faqaa (Kama'a).

Among these, the most noteworthy valleys are: Haya, Al-Bayyat, Al-Rutiq, Al-Radafin, Al-Dhabih, Dhikhin, and others, all originate from Mount Aja and extend to the north of Mawqaq Al-Nafud.