It is bordered to the north by the Arusha Region and Lake Eyasi, to the east by the Babati Rural District, to the south by the Hanang District, and to the west by the Singida Region.

According to the 2022 Tanzania National Census, the population of Mbulu District was 238,272.

People engage mainly in agriculture, keeping livestock and farming activities.

Lake Manyara National Park is partly in Mbulu District where tourists can come and visit.

The Sanu Park Inn Lodge in Mbulu town provides accommodations for visitors.