Medford is a town in Piscataquis County, Maine, United States.

In 1820, the state opened a road from the Piscataquis River, which helped increase settlement.

In 1820, John Parker Boyd, owner of the eastern half of the town, erected a combination sawmill and shingle mill on the Piscataquis River.

An 1825 fire destroyed over three-quarters of the buildings in town, as well as the large stand of pine trees used to supply the sawmill and shingle mill.

The mill was saved, but later closed because the burning of the nearby trees had deprived the business of a steady supply of wood.

The racial makeup of the town was 98.8% White, 0.8% African American, and 0.4% from two or more races.

About 10.0% of families and 15.0% of the population were below the poverty line, including 31.7% of those under the age of eighteen and none of those 65 or over.