It is about 2 mi (3.2 km) east of U.S. Route 52 from the unincorporated community of Mount Holly, which is directly north of Goose Creek, South Carolina.

[1][2][3][4][5] Jan Van Arrsens, the Seigneur of Wernhaut (also "Weirnhoudt"), led a small group of settlers from Holland to the province of Carolina around 1686.

In the period 1833 to 1835, Dubose sold it to his brother-in-law Peter Gaillard Stoney, who also owned the West Point Rice Mill in Charleston.

Medway and other plantations in the area produced "Carolina Grey" bricks from the local clay along the river bank.

[3][6] John Bennett (1865–1956), who was a friend of Samuel and his wife, Louisa, used Medway as the setting for his novel The Treasure of Peyre Gaillard.

[8] A son of Samuel and Louisa Stoney, also named Samuel Gaillard Stoney (1891–1968), wrote Plantations of the Carolina Low Country, other books on the architecture of the South Carolina Lowcountry, and coauthored books of Gullah stories.

[11] Gertrude Sanford Legendre is best known for her experiences as a big-game hunter and as an Office of Strategic Services employee.

[6][7] The house that Jan Van Arrsens built on the Medway River burned, either in 1692[7] or in the early 18th century after the Hyrnes bought it.

Gertrude Sanford Legendre set up the Medway Environmental Trust to manage the plantation as a nature preserve.

[12] Medway Plantation has been named an Important Bird Area by Audubon South Carolina.

In addition to many ducks and other waterfowl, it is home to about fifteen colonies of red-cockaded woodpeckers and a nesting pair of bald eagles.