Melanophryniscus atroluteus is a species of toad in the family Bufonidae.

[4] Melanophryniscus atroluteus occurs in grasslands at elevations up to 1,200 m (3,900 ft).

Breeding is explosive and takes place in temporary pools and agricultural ditches.

[1] In parts of its range (Argentina and Uruguay,), M. atroluteus is abundant during the breeding, but it is rare or uncommon elsewhere.

It can occur in substantially disturbed habitats, but not in areas with intensive cattle activities.