Mesocriconema xenoplax

[1] Symptoms can include, but are not limited to: root-pruning, decreased nutrient uptake, vascular damage, possible death of shoots and limbs, and stunted plant growth.

With the reduced nutrient uptake, some cases have shown that the change in ratio if carbon:nitrogen can make plants infected by ring nematodes more susceptible to bacterial canker cause by Pseudomonas syringae, (Lownsberry, et al.

[2] Ring nematodes are easily distinguished by distinctive coarse ridges, known as annulations, around the body.

Head is broad, and the lip region shape is variable and sometimes there are four extra submedial lobes.

General Life Cycle for Mesocriconema xenoplax and Migratory Ectoparasites: Ring nematodes has a very broad distribution range.

It has been reported in six of the seven continents: North and South America, Europe, Africa, Australia, and Asia—most notably India and Japan.

[9] Mesocriconema xenoplax has a wide host range, so it can cause economic problems for a variety of plants.

Infection of ring nematodes can cause peach trees to be more susceptible to bacterial canker and cold damage.

[12] Some studies have shown damage and yield loss to pineapples, sugarcane,[13] cherries, and almonds.