The plantation house, built in 1697 by the French Huguenot Benjamin Simons, is probably the oldest standing wood-frame building in South Carolina, and is consequently an architecturally important example of period construction.

[2][3] Middleburg Plantation is located southwest of Huger, between Cainhoy Road and the Cooper River.

It is topped by a hip roof, and is three rooms wide and one deep, with single-story porches on both of its long sides.

Extending to the west is an ell that was added in the late 18th century, the last significant alteration to the building.

At the time of its designation as a National Historic Landmark in 1970, the house was still in the hands of Simons' descendants.