Romanowski was born in Żukow (today Zhukiv), near Obertyn, Austrian Poland on 12 April 1833.
He was a part of a group of progressive intellectuals, united around the Lviv newspaper Dziennik Literacki ("The literary magazine") which continued the traditions of revolutionary romanticism.
Romanowski was killed during a skirmish with Russian forces at Józefów, Lublin Voivodeship, on 24 April 1863.
These works presented the patriotic struggle of the bourgeois and plebeian, instead of the contemporary Polish practice of focusing on the noble tradition.
His most popular work was his poem "Dziewczę z Sącza" about the resistance of the inhabitants of Nowy Sacz against the Swedes in 1655.