In his freshman year at Ohio State, Conley averaged 11.3 points and led the Big Ten Conference in assists with 6.1 per game.

Conley and fellow freshman star Greg Oden led the Buckeyes to a Big Ten conference championship and a runner-up finish in the NCAA Tournament.

[1] On the road to the championship game, the Buckeyes defeated Central Connecticut State, Xavier, Tennessee, Memphis, and Georgetown.

The Memphis Grizzlies drafted Conley as the fourth overall pick after Oden, Kevin Durant, and Al Horford.

They eliminated the Los Angeles Clippers and the Oklahoma City Thunder to reach the Western Conference Finals for the first time in franchise history.

Conley was named to the NBA All-Defensive Second Team for the first time.Conley averaged a career-high 17.2 points, 6.0 assists, and 2.9 rebounds per game on the year as the Grizzles made the playoffs for the fourth consecutive season.

[7] On December 13, 2014, Conley scored a career-high 36 points to help the Grizzlies defeat the Philadelphia 76ers, 120–115, in overtime.

Conley returned in Game 2 of the series and, while wearing a protective mask, scored 21 points to lead Memphis to a victory.

[11] On January 18, 2016, Conley returned to the lineup after missing six games with a sore left Achilles and recorded his third double-double of the season with 15 points and 10 assists, helping the Grizzlies defeat the New Orleans Pelicans 101–99.

[13] He was later ruled out for the rest of the season on April 4 after a reevaluation by team doctors, and hoped to return for the playoffs.

[14] The injury-riddled Grizzlies finished seventh in the Western Conference, and without Conley and Marc Gasol, were swept by the San Antonio Spurs in the first round of the playoffs.

[25] On January 27, 2018, he was ruled out for the rest of the season after requiring surgery to smooth a small bone protrusion in his left heel.

[29] On November 30, Conley improved his season-high scoring to 37 points and also made 10 assists in a 131–125 double-overtime win over the Brooklyn Nets.

[32] On March 27, in a 118–103 loss to the Golden State Warriors, Conley passed Marc Gasol to become the Grizzlies' all-time leader in career points.

[33] On July 6, 2019, Conley was traded to the Utah Jazz in exchange for Grayson Allen, Jae Crowder, Kyle Korver, the draft rights to Darius Bazley, and a protected first-round pick.

[35] On October 30, he scored a season-high 29 points, alongside five assists and two steals, in a 110–96 win over the Los Angeles Clippers.

[40] On January 1, 2021, Conley scored a season-high 33 points and added seven assists, two rebounds, and one steal in a 106–100 win over the Clippers.

[47] He missed the first five games of the Jazz's second-round series versus the Los Angeles Clippers due to a strained right hamstring.

[48] Conley returned to the lineup in Game 6, logging five points and three assists in a 119–131 loss that eliminated the Jazz from the playoffs.

[52] The Jazz were eliminated in the first round of the playoffs by the Dallas Mavericks, with Conley averaging only 9.2 points and 4.8 assists per game during the 2–4 series defeat.

[53] After the 2021–22 season, the Jazz retooled, trading away their franchise players, All-Stars Donovan Mitchell and Rudy Gobert.

Conley made his season debut on October 19, recording 13 points, eight assists and two steals in a 123–102 win over the Nuggets.

On February 9, 2023, Conley was traded to the Timberwolves in a three-team trade involving the Los Angeles Lakers, with the Jazz acquiring Russell Westbrook, Juan Toscano-Anderson, and Damian Jones, the Lakers acquiring Jarred Vanderbilt, Malik Beasley, and D'Angelo Russell, and the Timberwolves acquiring Conley and Nickeil Alexander-Walker; the trade reunited Conley with his former Grizzlies teammate Kyle Anderson and Jazz teammate Rudy Gobert.