It is the first government of Russia of which the entire composition was approved by the State Duma and the Federation Council after the 2020 constitutional reform.

The government began to form after the resignation of the First Mishustin cabinet on 7 May 2024, as a result of Vladimir Putin's accession to a new presidential term.

On 10 May 2024, Chairman of the State Duma Vyacheslav Volodin announced that Vladimir Putin had proposed Mishustin's candidacy for the post of Prime Minister.

Since United Russia has a majority of seats in the State Duma, this means that Mishustin would become Prime Minister, even if all other parties voted against it.

During the hearings on Mishustin's confirmation, Liberal Democratic Party leader Leonid Slutsky proposed appointing Khabarovsk Governor Mikhail Degtyarev as Minister of Sports.

[12] In addition, Slutsky proposed appointing Ulyanovsk regional deputy Viktor Bout as the head of the agency responsible for aviation issues.