Slaughter's career in research, teaching, administrative, and service interests have been wide-ranging and include theoretical and phenomenological nuclear and particle physics, intense field quantum optics, shock wave physics, nanotechnology, computational science, biophysics, and their applications to "real-world" problems of interest and extend to developing innovative and effective programs in STEM.

Slaughter has also presented international talks on how one may perhaps understand from a quantum point of view the interaction of ultra-high intensity laser pulses with biological and environmental physical systems at the nanoscale.

[9] He was appointed as a Charter Fellow of the National Society of Black Physicists in 1991,[1] and elected as a Fellow of the American Physical Society in 1999 with the citation "For creating effective programs that attract and educate minority and female physics students and involve historically black colleges and universities in forefront research".

[5] [10] In conjunction with a colleague at Xavier University of Louisiana, Slaughter obtained a cooperative agreement[11] in 1992 (1992–1999) from the National Science Foundation (NSF) which established a nationally unique Research Careers for Minority Scholars (RCMS) Graduate Dual Degree Program which aided minority senior undergraduates at Xavier in receiving dual degrees (B.S.

[12] Slaughter was the initiating developer of the state-wide Louis Stokes Alliance for Minority Participation (LSAMP) program in Louisiana and brought in three Co-Principal Investigators and served as its associate director between 1995 and 2000.

A recent short article, "Reflections in Diversity: Increasing Minority Participation in University STEM Programs" by Slaughter for the Optical Society of America[14] demonstrates his immense enjoyment working with federal, state, and local agencies, international agencies, corporations, and foundations to increase the number of female and underrepresented minorities in science, technology, engineering, and mathematics.

In April 2019, Slaughter developed a much longer, detailed ″White Paper″ entitled "Status of Underrepresented Minorities in Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics (STEM)", which included a program solution outline for a university organizational unit (UOU).

In 2014, he was elected to the rank of Fellow of the American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS) and honored for "contributions to non-perturbative elementary particle and nuclear physics and for the creation of effective educational programs involving minority and female STEM students".

[5] [20]· August, 2020, Niels Bohr Library & Archives, American Institute of Physics, College Park, MD USA, Interview of Milton Slaughter, https://www.aip.org/history-programs/niels-bohr-library/oral-histories He is married to Hazel Nicholas, who has a B.A.