It was established by the Japanese conglomerate Mitsui & Co, the company's main activities have been the purchase, renting, and leasing of railway freight cars and locomotives.
Rolling stock has typically been acquired directly from their manufacturers, however, other means of expanding the company's operations have been pursued on occasion, such as the acquisition of Siemens Dispolok in 2006.
During 2023, Mitsui & Co were bought out of MRC's ownership and the company was rebranded as Modern Rail Capital to reflect this change.
Later that same year, MRCE were sold to, and promptly integrated with, the British rolling stock leasor Beacon Rail.
MRCE's main activity was the leasing of locomotives in Europe for the now liberalised rail transport system - particularly to new private railway companies.
Three years later, the company, in partnership with Siemens Mobility, established a joint venture locomotive workshop in Rotterdam.
[9][10] MRCE has developed close working relationships with various rolling stock manufacturers; in the case of Siemens Mobility, they have cooperated in performing fleet data analytics to improve service and maintenance efficiencies.