GPS and Inertial Navigation Systems, have allowed rapid and accurate determination of position and attitude of remote sensing equipment,[3] effectively leading to direct mapping of features of interest without the need for complex post-processing of observed data.
Traditional techniques of geo-referencing aerial photography, ground profiling radar, or Lidar are prohibitively expensive, particularly in inaccessible areas, or where the type of data collected makes interpretation of individual features difficult.
[5] Internet, and mobile device users, are increasingly utilising geo-spatial information, either in the form of mapping, or geo-referenced imaging.
[12] Laser scanning technologies, applied in the mobile mapping sense, allow full 3D data collection of slope, bankings, etc.
[13] Mobile LiDAR with a digital imaging system is being used to gather data which after post-processing generates strip plan, horizontal and vertical profile, all other asset within and beyond ROW including abutting land use and deficient geometry.