Modern primitive

Modern primitives or urban primitives are people in developed, or modern nations who engage in body modification rituals and practices inspired by the ceremonies, rites of passage, or bodily ornamentation in what they consider traditional cultures.

The stated motivation for engaging in these varied practices may be personal growth, personal rites of passage, rejection of society, as a way to connect with antiquity, or spiritual and sexual curiosity.

Roland Loomis, also known by his chosen name, Fakir Musafar, was one of the founders of the modern primitive movement.

[3] Modern primitives may have a loose set of beliefs about their way of life, including Urban primitivism has been suggested as cultural appropriation and misrepresenting or "bundling" cultures together in a "primitive" setting.

[5][6] These have been debated, with adherents believing that these criticisms are based largely on the views of Roland Loomis rather than the culture as a whole.