Mohammad Bagher Shafti (Persian: محمدباقر شفتی; 1767 in Shaft – 22 March 1844 in Isfahan), was an Iranian shia clergyman.

According to Hossein Nasr and Hamid Dabashi, he is probably the first clergyman to be given the title Hojatoleslam (from Arabic: حجة الإسلام, romanized: ḥujjat al-islām).

He established himself by, among other things, handing out harsh legal judgments, lashing moral offenders, destroying wine cellars and musical instruments, expelling prostitutes from the city, and fining drunkards.

He was the leader of a well-liked teaching group, seized the management of disputed or unclaimed religious endowments (vaqf), and accumulated substantial private holdings like villages, farms, and retail malls.

Together with a merchant from Gilan, Shafti conducted business, bought property, and amassed wealth through prudent investments and even money lending, which was against the prohibition against usury in Islam.