It gave its name to the Montefeltro family, who ruled in the area during the Middle Ages and the Renaissance.
The mountainous region includes San Marino and the upper valleys of the rivers Marecchia and Conca.
It comprises also two municipalities of the province of Arezzo, Tuscany, and the Republic of San Marino.
On 15 August 2009, seven municipalities were transferred from Pesaro and Urbino to Rimini: Casteldelci, Maiolo, Novafeltria, Pennabilli, San Leo, Sant'Agata Feltria and Talamello.
[3] In the late 19th century, the area became a stronghold for republicans and supporters of Giuseppe Garibaldi, leading to considerable social repression.