Jia阴上 Zong阴平去mœü阳舒 (rural Ningbo) Jjia阳舒 Zong阴平去mœü阳舒 (rural Ningbo) Jiann阴平 Jiong阴平miu阳平 (Ninghai) Morris Chung-Mou Chang[1] (Chinese: 張忠謀; pinyin: Zhāng Zhōngmóu; born 10 July 1931) is a Taiwanese-American[2] billionaire businessman and electrical engineer who pioneered the foundry model of semiconductor fabrication.

[3] The elder Chang was an official in charge of finance for the Yin county government and later a bank manager.

[6] Due to his father's career and the outbreak of the Second Sino-Japanese War (1937–1945),[7] the Chang family moved to Nanjing, Guangzhou, Hong Kong, Chongqing and Shanghai.

In 1941, the Japanese occupation of Hong Kong began and Chang's family went back to Shanghai and Ningbo to live for a few months, eventually making their way to the temporary capital, Chongqing.

[9] Chang failed two consecutive doctoral qualification examinations and eventually left MIT without obtaining a PhD.

It was then, in 1961, that TI decided to invest in him by giving him the opportunity to obtain his PhD degree, which he received in electrical engineering from Stanford University in 1964.

Also at TI, Chang pioneered the then controversial idea of pricing semiconductors "ahead of the cost curve", which meant sacrificing early profits ("short term") to gain market share and achieve manufacturing yields that would result in greater profits over an extended timeline ("long-term").

[12][13] During his 25-year career (1958–1983) at Texas Instruments, he rose up in the ranks to become the group vice president responsible for TI's worldwide semiconductor business.

[21] The same year, Chang performed the role of Master Dragon in the first episode of “Let’s Go Guang!”, an animated Chinese-learning program for children.

[27] Chang has served as Presidential Envoy of the Republic of China (Taiwan), under the name Chinese Taipei, to APEC several times.

[30][31][32][33] In an interview with the Brookings Institution in 2022, Chang said the US federal government’s efforts to increase onshore chip manufacturing by spending tens of billions of dollars would be a very expensive and wasteful exercise in futility.

Chang said TSMC chairman Mark Liu decided to invest US$12 billion in Arizona at the urging of the US government.