Moshe Abeles (Hebrew: משה אבלס; born 1936 in Tel Aviv) is an Israeli brain researcher and neurophysiologist.

His father, Dr. Walter Abeles (1903-1985), was a physician, political activist and diplomat, who led the Jerusalem District direction of Clalit Health Services and in the 1960's was Israel's ambassador to Colombia and then to Costa Rica and Nicaragua.

Prof. Abeles served also as Director of the Department of Physiology at the Hebrew University, as Head of the Interdisciplinary Center for Neural Computation, as Head of the Life Sciences Section of the Israel Science Foundation, and Director of the Gonda Brain Research Center at Bar Ilan University.

[citation needed] His physiological findings and his models about the functional significance of temporal relations in the cortex led to the "synfire chain theory" about how information processing can be carried out through the coordinated dynamic activity of cell assemblies.

[citation needed] In 2005 Abeles has founded the Gonda Multidisciplinary Brain Research Center at Bar-Ilan University, and directed it until 2011.