Mozarabic literature

Among Latin works, historiography is especially important, since it constitutes the earliest record from al-Andalus of the conquest period.

[4] Mozarabic literature in Arabic began in the latter half of the ninth century, after the Córdoban martyrs' movement (850–859).

[7] A generation later, Ḥafṣ ibn Albar al-Qūtī, finished a rhymed verse translation of the Psalms from the Latin Vulgate in 889.

Although it survives in only one manuscript, it was a popular text and is quoted by Muslim and Jewish authors.

It is lost, but there are excerpts in the work of al-Qurṭubī, who praises Ḥafṣ' command of Arabic as the best among the Mozarabs.

[9] Several Arabic translations of the Bible were produced in al-Andalus in addition to Ḥafṣ's verse rendition of the Psalms.

It contains numerous loanwords from ecclesiastical Latin, but its language is the most Islamicized and Quranic of any Mozarabic work.

[11] After the fall of Toledo in 1085, a Mozarab priest under Christian rule wrote a treatise against Islam, Kitāb tathlīth al-waḥdāniyya ('The Threefold Nature of the Oneness'), addressed to the Muslims of Córdoba.

Another otherwise unknown work by a Mozarab author is cited by al-Khazrajī, but he may have fabricated "a hypothetical opponent in order to refute" him.