Muhammad and the Uqaylid dynasty belonged to the Banu Uqayl, a northern Arab tribe who were originally clients of the Hamdanid emirs of Mosul.
[2] This development resulted in the strengthening of the position of the Uqayl ruling family, as the Buyid emir Adud al-Dawla gave them his backing and made them responsible for maintaining discipline among the tribe.
[6] The Uqayl backed the Hamdanids, and received control of the towns of Jazirat ibn Umar, Nisibis, and Balad (north of Mosul), in exchange.
[6][7] Exploiting the turmoil, Badh attacked Mosul in the next year, but was defeated and killed by the numerically inferior Uqayl forces in battle near Balad.
[10][9] Muhammad died in 996, and a succession struggle followed between his brothers, Ali and al-Muqallad, resulting in a shared authority and weakening the Uqaylid emirate, although during this time, the Buyids were evicted from Mosul altogether.