Mulga country intersperses with other vegetation such as spinifex, dominated by low mounds of Triodia, and wattle scrub (Mimosaceae) or interrupted by granitic outcrops, salt lakes, and desert.
The mulga itself is a mid-sized tree that is usually well-established in the open woodland, only occurring as young plants in disturbed areas, and is typically around 8 metres tall.
Stands of mulga trees are usually around the same age, eventually dying and replaced in a periodic regeneration cycle.
The vegetation type is composed of these trees, shrubs such as saltbushes, poverty bushes, pea flowers, daisies and wattles with grasses at the understory.
Large fields of annuals appear after rains, producing remarkable displays of colour against the usual grey-green of mulga country.