[2] While in Santa Barbara, Nicholas met Rugge's friends Graham Pressley, Natasha Adams-Young, and Kelly Carpenter and attended various house parties with them.

[4] However, after learning of the legal ramifications he could face for kidnapping, Hollywood called Ryan Hoyt, another member of his gang who owed him money.

[1] A decision was made to commit the murder on the Lizard’s Mouth trail in the Santa Ynez Mountains north of Goleta.

[8] Those proceedings include: The crime documentary television series Unsolved Mysteries covered the events of the murder of Nicholas Markowitz in an episode that aired in August 2001.

The feature film Alpha Dog, based on the events leading up to the murder of Markowitz and directed by Nick Cassavetes, was released in 2006.