Musical tone

A musical tone is characterized by its duration, pitch, intensity (or loudness), and timbre (or quality).

The Fourier theorem states that any periodic waveform can be approximated as closely as desired as the sum of a series of sine waves with frequencies in a harmonic series and at specific phase relationships to each other.

The fundamental frequency determines the pitch of the tone, which is perceived by the human hearing.

Tones were recognised by Greek philosopher Aristoxenus (375–335 BCE), who called them "tensions".

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