Grekova started to work in a textile factory in Minsk in 1922, at the age of twelve.

From 25 July 1938 until 12 March 1949 she held the post of Chairman of the Supreme Soviet of the Belorussian SSR, one of the first women to hold such a position.

While there, she graduated from the Higher School of Party Organizers, under the Central Committee of the CPSU, completing her educational studies.

Nadezhda Grekova was a member of the Central Auditing Commission of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union 1939–52, Deputy Chairman of the Council of People's Commissars of the Byelorussian Soviet Socialist Republic in 1943–46.

Deputy Minister of Food Industry of the Russian Socialist Federal Soviet Republic 1949–52, in addition, she was Minister of Food Industry of the Byelorussian Soviet Socialist Republic.