Nakayama Yoshiko (中山慶子, 16 January 1836 – 5 October 1907) was a Japanese lady-in-waiting in the court of the Imperial House of Japan.

She was born in Kyoto and entered service of the court at the age of 16.

She became a concubine of Kōmei, who was also her third cousin once removed,[5] and on 3 November 1852, gave birth to her only offspring Mutsuhito, later known as Emperor Meiji, at her father’s residence outside of the Kyoto Imperial Palace.

Her son was the only child born to Emperor Kōmei surviving to adulthood.

After the Meiji Restoration, she relocated to the new capital to Tokyo City in 1870 at the behest of her son the Emperor.