Nambawi

The nambawi is also called ieom (literally "covering ears") which was worn in the early Joseon period, although it was derived from the cap.

It was usually worn by middle-aged women and old people as well as by government officers who put it under the samo (사모, official hat).

Sashes made of silk are attached to the ear flaps so they can be tied under the chin to hold the hat tightly in place.

The outer is generally made of a variety of silk called dan (단, 緞) but sometimes wool and cotton were used.

The nambawi for women were colorfully and luxuriously adorned with geumbak (gold leaf decoration) of cranes, butterflies, chrysanthemums, and phoenix or other auspicious patterns.