Naoto Ōtani (大谷 直人, Ōtani Naoto, born June 23, 1952) is a Japanese lawyer who served as the 19th Chief Justice of the Supreme Court of Japan from 2018 to 2022.

He became a Judge of the Tokyo District Court in 1994, a Professor at the Legal Training and Research Institute in 1995, and later served as a Judge of the Tokyo High Court in 2010.

He previously served as the Director-General of the Criminal Affairs Bureau and the Personnel Affairs Bureau, and as the Secretary-General of the Supreme Court, and is known for his role in designing the lay judge system of Japan.

Ōtani as Chief Justice, was formally appointed by the Emperor after being nominated by the Cabinet; which in practice, is known to be under the recommendation of the former Chief Justice.

[4] He stepped down as Chief Justice in 2022 as he reached the mandatory retirement age of 70, and was succeeded by associate justice Saburo Tokura in June 2022.