Important mineral resources could not now be extracted, two cement plants could not be expanded, and there were question over who would maintain rural roads in the area.

It includes other threatened species such as cougar (Puma concolor), South American tapir (Tapirus terrestris), bush dog (Speothos venaticus), pygmy brocket (Mazama nana) and southern muriqui (Brachyteles arachnoides).

It is estimated that there are just 250 individual jaguars in the states of Paraná, São Paulo and Rio de Janeiro, most of them in the mosaic area.

In March 2013 environmental police found a hunter's camp with a shack equipped with a stove and kitchen utensils.

A monkey that had been cleaned and was ready to eat was found, and the carcasses of an armadillo, and threatened birds such as solitary tinamou (Tinamus solitarius), neotropical bellbird and toucans.