Natalia Ananjeva (Russian: Наталья Ананьева, born January 5, 1946) is a Russian herpetologist, zoologist, and a specialist in taxonomy, phylogeny, the biogeography of Eurasian reptiles and amphibians, and the conservation of their biodiversity.

Natalia Ananjeva was born in Leningrad on January 5, 1946, to the family of Professor Boris Gerasimovich Ananjev, a psychologist.

Three years later, she joined the ornithology and herpetology laboratory staff as a junior researcher.

Since 1996, Ananjeva has served as head of the laboratory of ornithology and herpetology at the Russian Academy of Sciences.

From 2006 to 2017, she also served as Deputy Director of Research at the Zoological Institute of the RAS.