A track between Srinagar in the Kashmir Valley and Leh in Ladakh had existed since medieval times, and it was a prime trade route for many centuries.

It passed through the Zoji La pass—3,528 metres (11,575 ft)—over the Great Himalayan range, which is snowbound for half the year.

Setting up a 'Project Beacon' in Leh, the BRO completed the road by August 1962, and also extended it to Chushul by September 1962, just a few weeks before hostilities were initiated by China.

NH 1 passes from Uri to Baramulla, Srinagar, Sonamarg, Zoji La, Dras, Kargil and Leh.

The Jammu and Kashmir State Road Transport Corporation (JKSRTC) operates regular Deluxe and Ordinary bus services between Srinagar and Leh on this route with an overnight halt at Kargil.