The rise of the Red Power movement further prompted Native people to express their self-determination through periodical publication, both on and off-reservation.
[4] Other early Native American newspapers include a considerable number of papers published in the Hawaiian language between in 1834 and 1948.
Initially published by missionaries as instruments of colonialism, these papers also became important vehicles for Native Hawaiians to express their agency and resistance.
[6] In 1897, Cherokee writer Ora Eddleman Reed bought the Muskogee Morning Times and the next year founded the monthly Twin Territories: The Indian Magazine.
Native American journalists are vastly underrepresented in mainstream media, and the majority of them work in tribal enterprises.
Examples include During the 1950s, with more and more Native Americans moving or being relocated to urban areas, intertribal newspapers began to appear in cities.
In 1951 the Los Angeles Indian Center, which had been founded in the 1930s, started a newsletter called Talking Leaf, which eventually became a full-fledged newspaper.
The paper, which has gone through several changes in funding sources and ownership, is today one of the biggest outlets for Native American news in the United States.