In addition to anarchism, he advocated for the unity of Macedonians and Bulgarians, and fought for the liberation of North Macedonia from Ottoman rule.

[1] In 1891, he was involved in a plot to assassinate Stefan Stambolov, the then Bulgarian Prime Minister criticized for his authoritarian methods, support for the Ottoman Empire and repression of the IMRO,[2][3] alongside his two brothers and Dimitar Rizov.

[1] In 1903, he was elected president of an action committee within the Internal Macedonian Revolutionary Organization (IMRO), representing the anarchist faction.

[16] In 1909, he met with leaders of the Armenian Revolutionary Federation (ARF), providing them with a "significant number of explosives", as well as Austrian rifles and pistols, according to a report by the Okhrana, the secret police of the Russian Empire.

He guided the future Soviet general, who was then a chemist, Georgy Skosarevskii, and received visits from Nikolay Burenin, the leader of the terrorist organization within the Bolshevik movement, on several occasions.

[18] Burenin mentioned Tiufekchiev in his memoirs and stated about him:[19]In Macedonia, participants in the struggle for national liberation against the Turkish slavers used a special type of hand grenades.

Tyufekchiev welcomed me warmly, escorted me to his office, and began opening and pulling out the drawers of his large desk in front of me.

Tyufekchiev promised me full assistance in purchasing explosives in France.In May 1912, Naum collaborated with the Turkish secret services of the Committee of Union and Progress (CUP) and took part in an assassination attempt at a casino, targeting both the Tsar of Russia, Nicholas II, and the King of Bulgaria, Ferdinand.