[1] Research suggests that the populations to the east and west of North America, which are reproductively isolated, may be two separate species.

[2] The genus name is from the Greek Νεάνθης "new-blooming", while the specific name is from Latin arēnāceō + dentāta, "sandy-toothed."

Neanthes arenaceodentata is found in the tropical Pacific and Atlantic Oceans and the Caribbean Sea.

As they become sexually mature, a male and female worm pair up and share a single tube.

[2] A protocol has been prepared for a 28-day sublethal bioassay using the worm which can assess sediment quality and evaluate dredged materials for regulatory purposes.