This parasite thrives in warmer climates because to hatch, the eggs require a moist, warm, and shaded environment.

The thin, smooth shells of this species cause the eggs and juveniles to die in freezing temperatures or with soil desiccation.

That way, the degree of dampness, as well as the openings in the soil, allow the parasites to burrow to the surface and attach to the skin of their next host.

High transmission rates seem to be congruent with the heavy rains and warm temperatures that are characteristic of tropical climates.

[6] This larval form is able to penetrate human skin, travel through the blood vessels and heart, and reach the lungs.

The larvae penetrate the uninfected skin and travel through various organs, including the respiratory tract and lymph nodes.

Further, infected patients experience abdominal pain (exacerbated by meals) with diarrhea, bloating, and nausea.

[11] In the United States, 95% of human hookworm cases are caused by N. americanus, primarily in young school children in economically deprived rural areas.

The greatest incidence of infections occurs in Asia and sub-Saharan Africa, especially in poverty-stricken areas with poor sanitation.

[15] The most common method for diagnosing N. americanus is through identification of eggs in a fecal sample using a microscope.

Benzimidazoles kill adult worms by binding to the nematode’s β-tubulin and subsequently inhibiting microtubule polymerization within the parasite.

Patients who are infected with around 25 to 100 worms experience symptoms such as fatigue, weight loss, and slight headaches.

As the infestation number reaches 100 to 500 worms, the patient experiences extreme fatigue, iron deficiency, and abdominal pain.

The current control strategies include a combination of mass drug administration for children at age 4–6 years to prevent or eliminate N. americanus infections.