It is a tree endemic to the Massif de la Hotte in southwestern Haiti.

[1] Nectandra caudatoacuminata is known only from a single location in the upper Roseaux River watershed on the Massif de la Hotte, along the northern boundary of Macaya National Park.

The montane forests in the area are a mosaic of pine and broadleaf trees, with pine stands on drier rocky ridges and upper slopes, and broadleaf trees on lower slopes and in valleys with more moisture and deeper soils.

Understory plants include ferns (species of Alsophila, Blechnum, Blotiella, and Dryopteris), and shrubs of Miconia, Henriettea, Piper, and Pilea.

[1] The forests in the area are under threat from timber harvesting for firewood and charcoal production and from expansion of agriculture, and from fires and hurricanes.