The advance of the Red Army through the territories inhabited by the Turkmens and the capture of Krasnovodsk in February 1920 led to the establishment of Soviet power in the region.
On January 9, 1924, Aitakov was approved as the chairman of the Central Executive Committee of the Turkestan ASSR (which at that time was part of the RSFSR) and worked in this position until 10/27/1927.
When the incorporation of Turkmenistan into the USSR was completed, Aytakov was elected to the post of chairman of the Central Executive Committee of the Turkmen SSR (February 1925-July 1937).
Due to the acquisition of the status of a union republic by Turkmenistan, Aytakov was elected one of the chairmen of the Central Executive Committee of the USSR (May 21, 1925).
On October 28, 1938, the military collegium of the Supreme Court of the USSR sentenced Aytakov to death on charges of espionage and plotting to tear Turkmenistan away from the Soviet Union.