[4][5] Macrophages in particular express many growth factors, cytokines, and enzymes that facilitate vascular smooth muscle cell migration and proliferation.
[4] P radioactive β-emitting stents were used in coronary artery lesions with results showing inhibition of neointimal hyperplasia in a dose-dependent manner.
[3] However, the difficulty in controlled, local release of nitric oxide has limited its clinical use for neointimal hyperplasia.
[3] Polymer-based perivascular wraps are attracting growing interest for their potential use to deliver nitric oxide and other drugs in the treatment of neointimal hyperplasia.
[3] Exendin-4, a glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor (GLP-1) agonist used as drug treatment for type 2 diabetes inhibits neointimal hyperplasia.