Both countries belonged to the Spanish Empire until the Eighty Years' War (the Dutch Revolt) when the Dutch separated from the Spanish crown, Peru and the Netherlands are members of the United Nations.

Peru and the Netherlands established relations in 1826.

During World War II, Peru maintained relations with the Dutch government-in-exile, based in London.

[4] Investments by the Netherlands include the port of Callao, the Makro store chain, as well as other companies.

[5] A strong point of commercial relations is the agricultural sector, as both countries have developed strong ties in said sector since 2019.