[2] The species was first described by Pyotr Nesterov in 1916 based on a population in the Surkev Mountains.

[4][5] The species name derjugini commemorates the collector Konstantin Deryugin.

Neurergus derjugini occurs in small streams at elevations of 1,300–1,865 m (4,265–6,119 ft) above sea level.

[1][5] It is threatened by droughts, water extraction, pollution, and collection for pet trade.

[4] Climate change is going to reduce the habitable areas for this species.