Neuroendocrine hyperplasia

Prior to the findings of the hyperplasia of neuroendocrine cells it was known as tachypnea of infancy, as most children outgrow the need for oxygen supplementation within two to seven years.

[2] There is no currently recognized treatment, infants and children are given oxygen supplementation until they outgrow the need; since neuroendocrine cells do not multiply or get larger in size while the lungs continue to grow.

Children under the age of 2 may present with signs of interstitial lung disease and be diagnosed with NEH following severe progression.

[5] With a bronchoscopy, a scope (small camera) is passed from the mouth or nose, through the windpipe, and into the lungs to check for other causes of breathing problems.

There is no consensus on the therapy for NEHI, and management generally consists of supportive care: supplemental oxygen for chronic hypoxemia, adequate nutrition, proper immunization, avoidance of environmental pollutants, and treatment of recurrent infections .

[2] Most outcomes in neuroendocrine hyperplasia leads to failure to thrive due to the restrictions of oxygen flow in lungs.

[5] The long-term outcome of NEHI is generally favourable with most patients gradually improving over time, although persistent airway obstruction mimicking severe asthma and relapse with respiratory infection.

[6] A recent study in November, 2020 helped identify pathologic features of NEH, and used clinical patients to support their data.