New Boston is a city in Mercer County, Illinois, United States on the Mississippi River.

[3] It sits on the east bank of the Mississippi River, at the mouth of Boston Bay and its inflow, Eliza Creek.

Illinois Route 17 has its western terminus in New Boston and leads east 14 miles (23 km) to Aledo, the Mercer county seat.

[1] Much of the natural area surrounding New Boston is part of the Port Louisa National Wildlife Refuge.

The river valley at New Boston is surrounded on both sides by gently rolling bluffs interspersed with rich parcels of wetlands that provide critical wildlife habitat, especially for migratory birds.