The college occupies the site of two of the University's oldest Inns (medieval hostels), Bishop Trellick's, later New Inn Hall (after which the street is named), and Rose Hall, both founded in the 13th century.
The college chapel was built in 1874 on New Inn Hall Street, originally as the parish Church of St Peter-le-Bailey.
The first Methodist Meeting House in Oxford was in the street, on a site opposite its present-day successor Wesley Memorial Church.
Brasenose College's Frewin Hall annexe is on the west side of the street.
The City of Oxford High School for Boys occupied a site on the corner with George Street until 1966.