New Mexico's 1st congressional district of the United States House of Representatives serves the central area of New Mexico, including most of Bernalillo County, all of Torrance County, and parts of Sandoval, Santa Fe, and Valencia counties.

With a Cook Partisan Voting Index rating of D+6, it is the most Democratic district in New Mexico, a state with an all-Democratic congressional delegation.

Deb Haaland, Stansbury's predecessor, resigned in 2021 to become the United States Secretary of the Interior.

Her predecessor, Michelle Lujan Grisham, took office as governor of New Mexico in 2019.

Grisham's own predecessor, Martin Heinrich, was elected to the United States Senate in 2012.