The district has a significant Native American presence, encompassing most of the New Mexico portion of the Navajo Nation, situated in the northwest corner of the state, and most of the Puebloan peoples reservations.

[2] The current Representative is Democrat Teresa Leger Fernandez.

The district was created as a result of the redistricting cycle after the 1980 census.

Ben Ray Luján, who was elected to the seat in 2008, ran successfully for the United States Senate in 2020, leaving the seat open.

Democratic nominee Teresa Leger Fernandez defeated Republican Alexis Johnson in the 2020 general election.