[1] The Gothic Revival church was built from 1891 to 1892 as the congregation's fourth location, and was designed by Samuel B. Reed.

[13] The congregation was founded in 1628 in what was then the Dutch settlement of New Amsterdam, and the first Middle Church was built in 1731 on Nassau Street.

During the American Revolutionary War, when the British occupied New York, the Nassau Street building was used as a prison, a hospital, and a riding school.

After the war it was converted back to a church, but became the city's main post office in 1844, a role it played for over 30 years.

[1] On December 5, 2020, a six-alarm fire spread from an adjacent vacant building, engulfed the church structure, and left intact only the exterior stone walls.

[4] New York City Fire Department Assistant Chief John Hodgens described the church and the adjacent building as "total losses",[5][6] and their structural stability was being evaluated by engineers in the wake of the blaze.

[17] The fate of the church building was initially unclear, but the ministry will continue, and fundraising to rebuild commenced.