The association was established in 1923 to "assist in the development of the profession, including the registration of veterinarians, making submissions to Parliament and other bodies, negotiating conditions of employment and to advocate veterinary training in New Zealand".

[1][2] In 2023, the organisation's stated purpose is "To build exceptional working lives as veterinary professionals by providing support, resources and advocacy.

[3][4] On 29 May 2023, the organisation announced that it would use the Māori term Te Pae Kīrehe in addition to its English name in order to be more inclusive.

[5] The NZAS has fifteen regional networks throughout New Zealand and twelve special interest branches.

[8] The NZAS gives out a number of awards, including:[9] Honorary life members include Jack Filmer, Geoff Moon, Cyril Hopkirk, Bill Manktelow, Neil Bruère, and Jenny Weston.