Nicolas Caussin

Caussin was removed from his position as royal confessor after only nine months and exiled to Quimper when his spiritual counsel seemed to clash with Cardinal Richelieu's political policies.

Famous for his 1624 La Cour saincte, in March 1637, Cardinal Richelieu chose Caussin for the position of Louis XIII's confessor; and at the same time admonished him to stay out of politics.

While her household was replaced by people loyal to the king and cardinal, Caussin's counsel was crucial in obtaining royal clemency for the queen.

He encouraged the king to honor his conjugal obligations and after twenty years of marriage and four miscarriages, an heir, Louis XIV, was born the following September.

According to Sellier, due to his rigorism and to the formulations in those books justifying the "relaxed moral" concerning confession, the public generally considered that he had written against his thought by fidelity to his jesuit order.