Nicolas Martiau (French pronunciation: [nikɔla maʁtjo]; 1591–1657) was a Frenchman who immigrated to the English colony of Virginia in the 17th century.

At the same time he absorbed the doctrine of John Calvin, and learned to speak English.

It is likely that, because of the political and religious context of the time, he was forced into exile in England since his signature is found on a register and a Huguenot church.

Nicolas Martiau's will written March 1, 1656/7, proven April 24, 1657, names daughters Elizabeth Reade, Mary Scarsbrook, Sarah Fuller, his three sons-in-law and provided freedom for slaves Phill and Nicholas.

On May 16, 1620, Nicolas Martiau, aged 29, left England on the Francis Bonaventure in August 1620 and arrived in Jamestown where he built the fence defense which allowed the city to be spared in a massacre by the Powhatan Confederacy in 1622.